《歐洲：歐洲文明如何塑造現代世界》是一本講述歐洲文藝復興之後的歷史的書，書中泛泛而談了歐洲近代發展的各個方面。這本書是中信出版社出版的，是西班牙學者 Julio MacLennan 的英語著作《Europa: How Europe Shaped the Modern World》的漢譯本。我在看這本書前就隱約猜到這本書中必然存在被審查的內容，尤其是涉及中國的內容。看完之後，我找到原書簡單搜索對比了一下，找到了不少被審查的內容。但很遺憾，這本明顯被大量審查刪改過的書並未在明顯位置對此給出解釋。
下面是我找到的一些被審查的內容（相信還有很多我沒找到的）。但在此之前，讓我引用一句書中的話：「Where they burn books they will too in the end burn people.」即漢譯本中寫的 “燒書的地方，最終會燒人。”——Heinrich Heinem（海因里希・海涅）。
第 7 章#
- 原文：Both Vladimir Lenin and Mao Zedong admired Clausewitz’s work, as it provided guidance on how to promote political aims through war.
译文：列寧對克勞塞維茨的這部作品欽服不已，它為如何通過戰爭實現政治目標提供了指導。
第 9 章#
- Disappointment with the government and collective indignation at the way China had been humiliated by the West led a group of Chinese nationalists to form the Chinese Communist Party under the leadership of Mao Zedong.
中國民眾對政府極度失望，對西方羞辱中國極度憤慨，國內爆發了聲勢浩大的遊行，兩年後，中國共產黨成立。 - Once in Russia Lenin and the Bolsheviks embarked on a plan to win the support of the population under a popular slogan: All power to the Soviets (workers councils), all land to the peasants, end of war.
到達俄國後，列寧和布爾什維克黨員開啟了一項計劃，為贏得民眾支持，列寧提出了著名的《四月提綱》，其中一個大受歡迎的口號是，結束戰爭，土地歸農民，權力歸蘇維埃（工人委員會）。 - “Each one imposed his own system as far as his army can reach,” opined the Communist dictator.
斯大林說：“每個國家都可以把自己的制度推廣到自己軍隊能到達的地方。” - ”Anything that went against the spirit of National Socialism was purged.
所有違背納粹主義精神的東西都被清除。
第 10 章#
- The great physicist was lecturing in the United States in April 1933 when he received the news that the new National Socialist government had passed a law that forbade the occupation of any official post by Jews, including university chairs. His name was also included in a list of so-called enemies of the regime that was published in the press.
1933 年 4 月，這位偉大的物理學家在美國講課時收到一個消息，德國政府通過了一項法律，禁止猶太人擔任包括大學教授在內的任何官方職位，他的名字出現在新聞公布的政府敵對分子名單裡。
第 11 章#
第 11 章是審查的重災區。
- French agony in Indochina was even longer. After 1949, Ho Chi Minh’s insurgent troops counted on the support of the powerful People’s Republic of China. After his rise to absolute power in 1949 Mao Zedong became one of the most feared enemies of Western Europe and the rest of the Western world.
法國在法屬印度支那苦撐了更久。1949 年後，胡志明的部隊得到了強大的新中國的支持。在中國誕生的社會主義政權表明，共產主義不僅會像馬克思預測的那樣在工業國家取得勝利，在農業國家也可能取勝。毛澤東不僅堅定地主張去殖民化，而且也願意幫助反抗殖民主義和資產階級的農民運動。 - Supported by China, communist leader Ho Chi Minh’s troops in the Vietnamese jungle became an unbeatable enemy to France.
在中國的支持下，胡志明的部隊躲進越南的叢林中，法國人根本無法打敗他們。 - For Mao Zedong’s regime, Hong Kong was the maximum symbol of Chinese humiliation before European colonization.
對中國人來說，香港象徵著歐洲殖民主義對中國的羞辱。 - The fact that China, the most populous country and a great civilization, became communist gave this ideology formidable clout. But this ideology had also been in crisis since the death of Mao Zedong, and faced serious threats to survive. In the 1980s China began experimenting with a partial introduction of the market economy in order to avoid the system’s collapse, but discontent continued spreading, particularly among the urban generations that demanded democratic reforms and less repression. This led to the Tiananmen Square protests in summer 1989, in which several hundred people were killed by police forces.Unlike the USSR and its European satellites, the Chinese government did not hesitate to use all forms of repression to ensure the survival of the regime. On the other hand China learned from the collapse of the Soviet Union and speeded up a process of economic transformation into what was called a socialist market economy. In this way capitalism was to return to China, but under the control of the state and the supervision of the Communist Party.
中國這個世界上人口最多的偉大的文明古國成了社會主義國家，為這一意識形態增加了巨大的影響力。20 世紀 80 年代起，中國吸取教訓，實行改革開放，加速經濟轉型，推行社會主義市場經濟體制。 - In 1991 communism was not only abolished but its disappearance also provoked the end of the Soviet Union.
1991 年，蘇聯解體。 - The Soviet Empire was dissolved eleven years after it attained its greatest expansion in 1980.
1980 年，蘇聯達到最巔峰時期；11 年後，蘇聯完全解體。 - On the other hand its legacy regarding liberty and human rights was disastrous. Terror was the inseparable companion of the Soviet state throughout its seven decades of existence, reaching unbearable levels during the time of Stalin. As a result of the famous book The Gulag Archipelago, by the dissident writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, the world could find out about the reality of the forced labor camps where so many of the convicts faced a tragic end. After the fall of the Soviet Union, it became known that the work of the prisoners in the Gulag generated around a ten percent of Soviet production. A regime that claimed to stand against all sorts of slavery ended up benefitting from slave labor.
斯大林時期的恐怖是蘇聯國家存在七十年來不可分割的伴侶，達到無法忍受的程度。根據異議作家亞歷山大・索爾仁尼琴的著作《古拉格群島》，世界得以了解強迫勞動營的真實情況，許多囚犯面臨悲劇的結局。蘇聯解體後，得知古拉格囚犯的勞動產出約占蘇聯總產出的十分之一。聲稱反對各種奴役的政權最終卻從奴隸勞動中獲益。 - This is one of the reasons why the communist revolution initially only succeeded in Russia, which is a Eurasian country, and the attempt to expand it to Central and Eastern Europe ultimately failed. For let us not forget that the collapse of communism was caused by the 1989 revolutions in Europe.
正因如此，共產主義革命最初只能在俄國取得成功，在中歐和東歐最後都失敗了。 - The negotiations for Hong Kong’s change of sovereignty were very complex, as they implied ceding sovereignty of a territory governed by the market economy to a communist power. This was one of the reasons why so many citizens from the colony wished to emigrate. The only great concession that the British government obtained from the Chinese was that the city would enjoy an autonomous status for fifty years, and it would continue to be governed by the market economy. In spite of all, one of the great mass migrations provoked by decolonization was the one that took place in Hong Kong. Over one million people emigrated between 1985 and 1997 at the prospect of the change of sovereignty. The exodus continued after 1999.
（這一段完全被刪除。） - The Chinese model of the socialist market economy would inspire neighboring Vietnam, which gradually opened itself to market forces and tourism. North Korea, on the other hand, remained loyal to communist orthodoxy and could only survive at the cost of becoming one of the most isolated countries in the world.
中國的社會主義市場經濟模式激勵了鄰國越南，越南也開始逐漸開放市場和旅遊。 - Communism was successfully established first in North Korea and North Vietnam, then in Cuba.
朝鮮和越南民主共和國首先建立了社會主義政權，然後是古巴。
結語章 / Conclusion#
- President Donald Trump, at present, defies many of the Jeffersonian and Wilsonian principles that have guided US international policy. China, led by President Xi Jinping shows staunch determination to attain world hegemony at all costs. Russia under Vladimir Putin is also determined to consolidate its role at the cost of the West.
特朗普總統違棄了指導美國對外政策的傑斐遜原則和威爾遜原則。普京領導的俄羅斯也決心以犧牲西方為代價，鞏固自己的全球角色。